Ubuntu is a popular Linux distribution, and mastering its commands can significantly enhance your efficiency. Here’s a categorized list of some of the best and most commonly used Ubuntu commands:
System Information
uname -a
Displays detailed system information.
lsb_release -a
Shows Ubuntu version details.
hostnamectl
Displays or sets the system’s hostname.
uptime
Shows how long the system has been running.
df -h
Displays disk space usage in a human-readable format.
free -h
Displays memory usage.
File and Directory Management
ls
Lists files and directories. Add options like -l (detailed view) or -a (including hidden files).
cd <directory>
Changes the current directory.
pwd
Prints the current working directory.
mkdir <directory>
Creates a new directory.
rm <file>
Removes a file. Use rm -r <directory> to delete a directory recursively.
cp <source> <destination>
Copies files or directories.
mv <source> <destination>
Moves or renames files/directories.
Package Management
sudo apt update
Updates package lists.
sudo apt upgrade
Upgrades installed packages.
sudo apt install <package>
Installs a package.
sudo apt remove <package>
Removes a package.
dpkg -l
Lists all installed packages.
User Management
whoami
Displays the current logged-in user.
id
Displays user ID and group information.
sudo adduser <username>
Adds a new user.
sudo deluser <username>
Deletes a user.
Process Management
ps aux
Lists all running processes.
top or htop
Displays a real-time view of system processes.
kill <PID>
Kills a process by its PID.
pkill <process_name>
Terminates processes by name.
Networking
ip a
Displays network interface information.
ping <domain/IP>
Tests connectivity to a domain/IP.
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